Constipation is a Symptom of Pregnancy: Causes, Signs, and Relief Tips

Pregnancy brings a range of symptoms, some expected and others surprising. Among the lesser-discussed yet common issues is constipation, which affects a significant number of pregnant women. While it’s often overshadowed by morning sickness and fatigue, constipation is a symptom of pregnancy that can have a considerable impact on a woman’s comfort and overall well-being. It increases by two to three fold during pregnancy compared to regular days [1]. This article will explore the reasons behind constipation in pregnancy, ways to manage it, and when it’s important to seek medical advice.

Why Does Constipation Occur During Pregnancy?

Constipation can happen for several reasons, especially in the early and later stages of pregnancy, and is often due to hormonal changes. Along with common symptoms like constipation, some women wonder, is heartburn a sign of pregnancy, as it often accompanies other early pregnancy changes. Here’s a closer look at why constipation is a frequent issue:

1. Hormonal Changes: During pregnancy, levels of progesterone increase significantly. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the pregnancy, but it also has a relaxing effect on smooth muscles, including those in the digestive tract. This relaxation slows down bowel movements, leading to constipation. This hormonal effect is one of the primary connections between constipation and pregnancy symptoms [2].
2. Iron Supplements: Many pregnant women are prescribed iron supplements to prevent anemia, a condition that is common in pregnancy. However, iron can be harsh on the digestive system and often leads to constipation. Women who take iron supplements may find their constipation worsens [3].
3. Growing Uterus: As the baby grows, the uterus expands and can press against the intestines, further slowing down digestion and leading to constipation. This is more common in the later stages of pregnancy, adding to the list of potential constipation and pregnancy symptoms that can arise as the pregnancy progresses [4].

How to Manage Constipation During Pregnancy

Fortunately, there are several effective and safe ways to manage constipation during pregnancy. Here are some natural remedies and lifestyle tips:

• Increase Fiber Intake: Fiber-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, can help bulk up stools and promote regular bowel movements. Taking supplements like Conceive Plus Prenatal Vitamins, which are rich in essential nutrients like DHA, choline, and folate, can help support a healthy pregnancy and address common concerns such as constipation. Adding these foods and supplements to your daily meals can ease constipation and improve digestion.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water is essential. Water helps soften stools, making them easier to pass. Pregnant women should aim for at least eight glasses of water a day, especially if they are also consuming fiber-rich foods.
• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity stimulates the digestive system, promoting bowel movements. Gentle activities like walking, yoga, or swimming can help alleviate constipation. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting a new exercise routine during pregnancy.
• Limit Caffeine: Caffeinated drinks can dehydrate the body and exacerbate constipation. Reducing or eliminating caffeine can improve hydration levels and help relieve constipation.

When to Seek Medical Advice

While constipation is a common pregnancy symptom, there are times when it’s necessary to consult a healthcare provider. If constipation is causing severe discomfort, is accompanied by abdominal pain, or if there’s blood in the stool, medical advice is recommended. Your provider may suggest safe stool softeners or other remedies tailored to pregnancy.

Conclusion

Constipation may not be the most talked-about pregnancy symptom, but it is quite common and manageable with the right approach. By understanding why constipation is a symptom of pregnancy and adopting healthy habits, many women can find relief. As always, any persistent issues should be discussed with a healthcare provider to ensure both maternal and fetal health are supported throughout the pregnancy journey.

Resources

1. Kuronen M, Hantunen S, Alanne L, Kokki H, Saukko C, Sjövall S, Vesterinen K, Kokki M. Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal constipation – an observational hybrid survey on pregnant and postpartum women and their age-matched non-pregnant controls. BJOG 2021; 128: 1057–1064. https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1471-0528.16559
2. Ishibashi M, Hashimoto F, Kouchi Y, Imaizumi K, Ito F, Yasuda S. Evaluation and treatment of constipation in pregnancy:Examination using the Japanese version of the constipation evaluation scale. Fukushima J Med Sci. 2024 Jan 27;70(1):35-47. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10867430
3. Garret Cullen, Diarmuid O'Donoghue. Constipation and pregnancy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. (Volume 21, Issue 5). [2007]. Pages 807-818. ISSN 1521-6918. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1521691807000595?via%3Dihub
4. AUTHOR=Lin Lin , Yu Yi , Gu Weirong , Hu Rong , Zhu Hao. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding constipation in pregnancy among pregnant women in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Public Health. [YEAR=2024]. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1378301/full